[I]t is possible to calculate the state of the equilibrium of heat by finding the probability of the different possible states of the system. - Ludwig Boltzmann

According to the second fundamental theorem... change has to take place in such a way that the total entropy of the particles increases. This means according to our present interpretation that nothing changes except that the probability of the overall state for all particles will get larger and larger.

· ... Philosophy gets on my nerves. If we analyse the ultimate ground of everything, then everything finally falls into nothingness. But I have decided to resume my lectures again and look the Hydra of doubt straight in the eye, and it can be quite ominous [verhängnisvoll] if one values one's life. The title [Principles of Natural Philosophy] doesn't tell us anything coherent .... [it is] essentially a joke . . . . I must take care that the lecture is adequate. great difficulties; one doesn't really know what natural philosophy is ...

I pointed out in the second part of my paper... that my Minimum Theorem, as well as the so-called , are only theorems of probability. The Second Law can never be proved mathematically by means of the equations of dynamics alone.