Alessandro Magnoli Bocchi Quotes

"Tackling ‘population aging’ - especially in high-income countries, where the median age is above 40 - requires: 1) acknowledging that most pension systems are financially unsustainable; and 2) reducing the resources allocated to the most sizeable share of the electorate - the elderly".

"Enlightened, quantum policymaking has an important role to play. Yet, ‘classical physics’ still shapes our way of learning. Cause-effect, linear thinking should be abandoned. To better understand our complex world, we must say “Bye” to Newton".

"Complex problems are not solved (only) with money". Original quote: "I problemi complessi non si risolvono (solo) con i soldi".

"Almost as if it were a new religion, we need to start rewarding those who create added value and take up the responsibilities required by their role in the community". Original quote: "Quasi fosse una nuova religione, bisogna iniziare a premiare chi crea valore aggiunto, assumendosi le responsabilità richieste dal proprio ruolo nella collettività".

"By nature, ‘complex systems’ grow or decay at exponential rates. As suggested by the butterfly-effect in chaos theory, a negligible change in an ‘original state’ can lead to a radically different ‘resulting state’. In other words, a minor event might have large, unpredictable effects - depending on its: a) position in network (i.e.: initial conditions); b) degree of connectivity (i.e.: ease of interaction); and c) size of the impact".

"Future shocks could exceed the ‘ability to respond’ of governments, businesses and citizens".

"The state needs to enable the markets, but - contrary to the dreams of planners and technocrats - development cannot be ‘state-managed’. For the business environment to lead to innovation, the state needs to protect ‘public goods’ such as: 1) competition; and more broadly 2) the entrepreneurial spirit. Policymakers must achieve a practical, dynamic balance in the state-market mix".

"[In Italy,] continuing to do 'what has always been done' is not convenient: living on rents and clinging to the past would equate to a slow suicide, because in the meanwhile risks would rise and the economy would get exposed to potential adverse shocks. If not challenged, the “I hope I get through” mentality will lead to shipwreck or irrelevance – which is the same". Original quote: "[In Italia,] continuare a fare ‘ciò che si è sempre fatto’ non conviene; vivere di rendita, aggrappati al passato, sarebbe un lento suicidio, perché nel frattempo i rischi aumentano e l’economia viene esposta a potenziali shock avversi. Se elevata a sistema, la mentalità dell’“io speriamo che me la cavo” porterà al naufragio o all’irrilevanza – che è lo stesso".

"In public policy, dependencies and unintended consequences matter. For example, ‘climate change’ and ‘population aging’ are key drivers of migration and cannot be ignored when designing immigration policies. Also, ‘deforestation’ not only leads to ‘global warming’, but also drives wild animals closer to humans - increasing the likelihood of viral infections, via ‘cross-species leaps’. As a result, most decisions cannot be taken in isolation: solving problems in one place is likely to create new ones, elsewhere. Also, well-intentioned policy choices can often provide perverse incentives - and obtain the opposite of their stated objectives. The phenomenon is known as the “cobra effect”: in India, during British rule, the authorities’ bounty on dead cobras resulted in a larger cobra population. In other words, policy making: 1) relies on a complex, interrelated context; and 2) can lead to unpredictable, non-linear outcomes".

"The state must set the framework for the markets to function (...) but in the long run, innovation needs a competitive private sector".

"Thinking about the future gives vertigo. It takes courage to look ahead. The ancient Greeks - when they sought to know - consulted the oracle at Delphi. Religion and magic help manage anxiety, but a dispassionate analysis of data and probabilities may actually provide useful guidance".

"Every day, 1) ‘simple systems’ become complex: for example, a village becomes part of a city; and 2) ‘complex systems’ become more complex: for instance, financial markets embrace machine learning. Often, an increase in complexity leads to unintended consequences".

"In an era of complexity, quantum thinking is needed – particularly in central banking".

"When designed and implemented correctly, ‘conditional financing’ can: 1) steer resources towards the strategic objectives; 2) avoid speculative capture, by ensuring the productive use of public resources; and 3) push the private sector towards inclusive, sustainable growth".

"Largely unnoticed, megatrends transform the way we live and work. Preoccupied by our daily worries, we tend to overlook the irreversible forces that shape our life. In the past, the printing-press and the telephone forever changed human communication. Combustion and electricity revolutionized energy management. Going forward, the unfolding of similar ‘transformative, disruptive shifts’ will reshape society, business and the global economy".