Wherever the shadow of economic growth touches us, we are left useless unless employed on a job or engaged in consumption...We lose sight of our reso… - Ivan Illich

La consommation obligatoire d'un bien qui consomme beaucoup d'énergie (le transport motorisé) restreint les conditions de jouissance d'une valeur d'usage surabondante (la capacité innée de transit). La circulation nous offre l'exemple d'une loi économique générale : tout produit industriel dont la consommation par personne dépasse un niveau donné exercice un monopole radical sur la satisfaction d'un besoin. Passé un certain seuil, l'école obligatoire ferme l'accès au savoir, le système de soins médicaux détruit les sources non thérapeutique de la santé, le transport paralyse la circulation.

P3- modernised poverty combines the lack of power over circumstances with a loss of personal potency

The primitive world was governed by fate, fact, and necessity. By stealing fire from the gods, Prometheus turned facts into problems, called necessity into question, and defied fate. Classical man framed a civilized context for human perspective. He was aware that he could defy fate-nature-environment, but only at his own risk. Contemporary man goes further; he attempts to create the world in his image, to build a totally man-made environment, and then discovers that he can do so only on the condition of constantly remaking himself to fit it. We now must face the fact that man himself is at stake.