In order to describe a spontaneous historical process, one must appeal to dialectics. To describe conscious-voluntary processes, another methodologic… - Alexander Zinoviev

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In order to describe a spontaneous historical process, one must appeal to dialectics. To describe conscious-voluntary processes, another methodological apparatus must be used. In this case it is indispensable to know what the social plans (projects) are; how and why they are decided, how they are realized, how, by what means and according to what rules, the social management of people is practiced. This is not in contradiction with the dialectic, it is another orientation of the study of social objects.