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" "和形而上学的宇宙观相反,唯物辩证法的宇宙观主张从事物的内部、从一事物对他事物的关系去研究事物的发展,即把事物的发展看做是事物内部的必然的自己的运动,而每一事物的运动都和它的周围其它事物互相联系着和互相影响着。事物发展的根本原因,不是在事物的外部而是在事物的内部,在于事物内部的矛盾性。任何事物内部都有这种矛盾性,因此引起了事物的运动和发展。事物内部的这种矛盾性是事物发展的根本原因,一事物和他事物的互相联系和互相影响则是事物发展的第二位的原因。这样,唯物辩证法就有力地反对了形而上学的机械唯物论和庸俗进化论的外因论或被动论。这是清楚的,单纯的外部原因只能引起事物的机械的运动,即范围的大小,数量的增减,不能说明事物何以有性质上的千差万别及其互相变化。
Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung in Wade-Giles; Simplified Chinese: 毛泽东; Traditional Chinese: 毛澤東; December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976) was the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1943 until his death. He was also a founder of the People's Republic of China.
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All contradictory things are interconnected; not only do they coexist in a single entity in given conditions, but in other given conditions, they also transform themselves into each other. This is the full meaning of the identity of opposites. This is what Lenin meant when he discussed "how they happen to be (how they become) identical--under what conditions they are identical, transforming themselves into one another".
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为了同敌人作斗争,我们在一个长时间内形成了一个概念,就是说,在战略上我们要藐视一切敌人,在战术上我们要重视一切敌人。也就是说在整体上我们一定要藐视它,在一个一个的具体问题上我们一定要重视它。如果不是在整体上藐视敌人,我们就要犯机会主义的错误。马克思、恩格思只有两个人,那时他们就说全世界资本主义要被打倒。但是在具体问题上,在一个一个敌人的问题上,如果我们不重视它,我们就要犯冒险主义的错误。打仗只能一仗一仗地打,敌人只能一部分一部分地消灭。工厂只能一个一个地盖,农民犁地只能一块一块的犁,就是吃饭也是如此。我们在战略上藐视吃饭:这顿饭我们能 够吃下去。但是具体地吃,却是一口口地吃的,你不可能把一桌酒席一口吞下去。这叫做各个解决,军事书上叫做各个击破。