Spinoza is a highly systematic thinker, but still I do not think I can offer a single key for all things Spinozistic. Personally, one thing which got… - Benedictus de Spinoza

I also believe that Spinoza, like Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, on whose lives and philosophy I have based two earlier novels, wrote much that is highly relevant to my field of psychiatry and psychotherapy—for example, that ideas, thoughts, and feelings are caused by previous experiences, that passions may be studied dispassionately, that understanding leads to transcendence—and I wished to celebrate his contributions through a novel of ideas.

The significant writers to whom Spinoza has significantly mattered range across genres and sensibilities, and their reasons for considering him artistically relevant vary as widely as their methods of making him so. Some writers declared themselves devotees of his thought and were strengthened in their art by their interpretations of his views. Others were deeply bothered by some aspect of his system—his determinism, for example, or his insistence on the supremacy of reason over the passions—and made art out of their resistance. George Eliot (1819–1890), arguably the most philosophically inspired of the great nineteenth-century British novelists, falls into the first category. She decided to write fiction seven months after completing her translation of the Ethics, the first in English, and her view of her writing as a “set of experiments” is imprinted with certain Spinozist positions. The robust determinism to which she subjects her characters, as well as the conception of freedom and virtue that moves her plots along to their ethically resounding dénouements, bears the impressions of her close relationship with Spinoza's works.

يُسلِّم موسى بوجود موجودات تحلُّ محلَّ الله (ويحدُث ذلك بلا شكٍّ بأمرٍ من الله وبتفويضٍ منه) أي بموجودات أعطاها الله السُّلطة والحقَّ والقدرة لإرشاد الأُمَم ولحِمايتها والمُحافظة عليها. ولكنه نادى بأنَّ هذا الموجود الذي وجب على اليهود عبادَتُه هوَ الإله المُهيمِن الأعلى. وبعبارةٍ أُخرى، (أي بتعبيرٍ عبري) فهو إله الآلهة؛ لذلك يقول في نشيد الخروج (١٥: ١١): «من مثلك في الآلهة يا رب.» ويقول يترو (١٨: ١١): «الآن علمت أن الرب عظيم فوق جميع الآلهة.» أي أنَّني يجِب أن أُسَلِّم مع موسى بأن يَهوه أكبر الآلهة جميعًا، وله قُدرة لا نظير لها، ومع ذلك، فهل اعتقد موسى أنَّ الله خلق هذه الموجودات التي تقوم مكانه؟ يحقُّ لنا أن نَشُكَّ في ذلك لأنه — على ما نعلم — لم يَقُل شيئًا يتعلَّق بخلقِها ونشأتها