John Stuart Mill Quotes

To prevent the weaker members of the community from being preyed upon by innumerable vultures, it was needful that there should be an animal of prey stronger than the rest, commissioned to keep them down. But as the king of vultures would be no less bent upon preying upon the flock than any of the minor harpies, it was indispensable to be in a perpetual attitude of defense against his beak and claws.

To see the futurity of the species has always been the privilege of the intellectual elite, or of those who have learnt from them; to have the feelings of that futurity has been the distinction, and usually the martyrdom, of a still rare elite. Institutions, books, education, society, all go on training human beings for the old, long after the new has come; much more when it is only coming.

Who can compute what the world loses in the multitude of promising intellects combined with timid characters, who dare not follow out any bold, vigorous, independent train of thought, lest it should land them in something which would admit of being considered irreligious or immoral?

Nor is it enough that he should hear the arguments of adversaries from his own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with his own mind. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them.

...it is contrary to reason and experience to suppose that there can be any real check to brutality, consistent with leaving the victim still in the power of the executioner.

After the primary necessities of food and raiment, freedom is the first and strongest want of human nature.

Capacity for the nobler feelings is in most natures a very tender plant, easily killed, not only by hostile influences, but by mere want of sustenance; and in the majority of young persons it speedily dies away if the occupations to which their position in life has devoted them, and the society into which it has thrown them, are not favourable to keeping that higher capacity in exercise.

Every function superadded to those already exercised by the government causes its influence over hopes and fears to be more widely diffused, and converts, more and more, the active and ambitious part of the public into hangers-on of the government, or of some party which aim, at becoming the government.

Despotism is a legitimate mode of government in dealing with barbarians, provided the end be their improvement.

Persons of genius, it is true, are, and are always likely to be, a small minority; but in order to have them, it is necessary to preserve the soil in which they grow.

If we believed that those agencies were appointed by a benevolent Providence as the means of accomplishing wise purposes which could not be compassed if they did not exist, then everything done by mankind which tends to chain up these natural agencies or to restrict their mischievous operation, from draining a pestilential marsh down to curing the toothache, or putting up an umbrella, ought to be accounted impious ; which assuredly nobody does account them, notwithstanding an undercurrent of sentiment setting in that direction which is occasionally perceptible.

There have been, and may be again, great individual thinkers, in a general atmosphere of mental slavery.

The worth of a State, in the long run, is the worth of the individuals composing it; and a State which postpones the interests of their mental expansion and elevation to a little more of administrative skill, or of that semblance of it which practice gives in the details of business; a State which dwarfs its men. In order that they may be more docile instruments in its hands even for beneficial purposes — will find that with small men no great thing can really be accomplished; and that the perfection of machinery to which it has sacrificed everything will in the end avail it nothing, for want of the vital power which, in order that the machine might work more smoothly, it has preferred to banish.

این ادّعا که طبیعت دو جنس آن‌ها را با وظایف و جایگاه کنونی‌شان انطباق می‌دهد و این وظایف را برای آنان مناسب می‌سازد، نیز فایده‌ای در بر ندارد. من با تکیه بر عقل سلیم و سرشت ذهن بشر، به هیچ روی نمی‌توانم بپذیرم که کسی طبیعت این یا آن جنس را بشناسد، و یا اصول‍ا شناخت طبیعت آن‌ها امکان‌پذیر باشد. طبیعت این دو، مادام که مناسبات کنونی را با هم دارند، قابل شناخت نیست.
‎اگر مردان در جامعه‌ای بدون زن، و زنان در جامعه‌ای بدون مرد به‌سر برده بودند، و یا اگر جامعه‌ای شکل گرفته بود که در آن زنان زیر سلطه‌ی مردان نبودند، آن‌گاه می‌توانستیم درباره‌ی تفاوت‌های ذهنی و اخل‍اقی‌ای سخن بگوییم که احتمال‍ا از طبیعت آنان سرچشمه می‌گیرند. آن‌چه را امروز طبیعت زنانه می‌نامند، چیزی یک‌سره تصنّعی‌‌ست، زیرا محصول سرکوب در بعضی جهات و تشویق و ترغیب در جهاتی دیگر است.

Next to selfishness, the principal cause which makes life unsatisfactory, is want of mental cultivation.