French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (1596–1650)
René Descartes (March 31, 1596 – February 11, 1650) was a highly influential French philosopher, mathematician, physicist and writer. He is known for his influential arguments for substance dualism, where mind and body are considered to have distinct essences, one being characterized by thought, the other by spatial extension. He has been dubbed the "Father of Modern Philosophy" and the "Father of Modern Mathematics." He is also known as Cartesius.
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Always to seek to conquer myself rather than fortune, to change my desires rather than the order of the world, and generally to believe that nothing except our thoughts is wholly under our control, so that after we have done our best in external matters, what remains to be done is absolutely impossible, at least as far as we are concerned.
Αφιέρωσα την υπόλοιπη νιότη μου στα ταξίδια, στις επισκέψεις, σε αυλές και στρατεύματα, στη συναναστροφή με ανθρώπους με διαφορετικές ιδιοσυγκρασίες και από διαφορετικές τάξεις, στη συλλογή ποικίλων εμπειριών, στη δοκιμή του εαυτού μου μέσα από τις συναντήσεις που μου έφερνε η τύχη, συλλογιζόμενος πάντα τα όσα μου συνέβαιναν, έτσι ώστε να μπορέσω να αποκομίσω κάποιο όφελος από αυτά.
I doubt;
Therefore, I think
Therefore, I am.
I see;
I take in the colours around me.
The patterns, the lights, the rainbows.
I see the night and the stars that glow.
I dream;
Therefore, I think.
Therefore, I am.
I smell;
The perfumes, the roses.
The stench, the rotten and the putrid.
The aromas and delicacies;
Cooking.
I inhale;
The green, the forest, the trees.
Therefore, I think.
Therefore, I am.
I hear;
The noises. The people, the cheer.
The wails, the screams, the tears.
The rejoicing.
The laughter, and happiness.
I listen;
Therefore, I think.
Therefore, I am.
I taste;
The sweetness, the fire.
The treats, and savoury delights.
The burnt, the spoilt and the tasteless.
The sourness and the bitterness.
I eat;
Therefore, I think.
Therefore, I am.
I speak;
Short messages. Long speeches.
Quiet whispers. Bellowing noises.
I scream;
Therefore, I think,
Therefore, I am.
I feel;
The despair.
The anguish, the fear.
The pricks, the cuts, the injuries.
The joy. The pride. The seething.
The envy, greed, and jealousy.
The cold, the heat and the shivering.
The pain, the sickness, the ageing.
I die;
Therefore, I lived.
Therefore, I was.
compose que comme une même chose avec lui. Toutes les erreurs qui procèdent des sens y sont exposées, avec les moyens de les éviter. Et enfin, j'y apporte toutes les raisons desquelles on peut conclure l'existence des choses matérielles : non que je les juge fort utiles pour prouver ce qu'elles prouvent, à savoir, qu'il y a un monde, que les hommes ont des corps, et autres choses semblables, qui n'ont jamais été mises en doute par aucun homme de bon sens ; mais parce qu'en les considérant de près, l'on vient à connaître qu'elles ne sont pas si fermes ni si évidentes, que celles qui nous conduisent à la connaissance de Dieu et de notre âme ; en sorte que celles- ci sont les plus certaines et les plus évidentes qui puissent tomber
Considerando que quaisquer pensamentos que nos ocorrem quando estamos acordados nos podem também ocorrer enquanto dormimos, sem que exista nenhum, nesse caso, que seja correto, decidi fazer de conta que todas as coisas que até então haviam entrado no meu espírito não eram mais corretas do que as ilusões de meus sonhos.
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Some people would deny the existence of such a powerful God rather than believe that everything else is uncertain. Let us grant them – for purposes of argument – that there is no God, and theology is fiction. On their view, then, I am a product of fate or chance or a long chain of causes and effects. But the less powerful they make my original cause, the more likely it is that I am so imperfect as to be deceived all the time – because deception and error seem to be imperfections.