Viktor Frankl

My mind still clung to the image of my wife. A thought crossed my mind: I didn't even know if she were still alive. I knew only one thing-which I have learned well by now: Love goes very far beyond the physical person of the beloved. It finds its deepest meaning in his spiritual being, his inner self. Whether or not he is actually present, whether or not he is still alive at all, ceases somehow to be of importance.

"الانسان ليس مشروطا او محتوم السلوك بصورة كلية ولكنه يقرر نفسه سواء سلم تسليما كاملا للظروف أو اتخذ بشأن هذه الظروف موقفا. والانسان بقول آخر, انما يقرر لنفسه, ينتقي الغاية والنهاية "المقرر لنفسه". وهذا هو جوهره. فالانسان ليس ببساطة أمرا موجودا, ولكنه يقرر دائما وجوده الذي سيكون عليه, ويقرر ما الذي سوف يصير اليه في اللحظة التالية."

So, let us be alert — alert in a twofold sense.

Since Auschwitz we know what man is capable of.

And since Hiroshima we know what is at stake.

Logotherapy bases its technique called “paradoxical intention” on the twofold fact that fear brings about that which one is afraid of, and that hyper-intention makes impossible what one wishes. In German I described paradoxical intention as early as 1939.11 In this approach the phobic patient is invited to intend, even if only for a moment, precisely that which he fears. Let me recall a case. A young physician consulted me because of his fear of perspiring. Whenever he expected an outbreak of perspiration, this anticipatory anxiety was enough to precipitate excessive sweating. In order to cut this circle formation I advised the patient, in the event that sweating should recur, to resolve deliberately to show people how much he could sweat. A week later he returned to report that whenever he met anyone who triggered his anticipatory anxiety, he said to himself, “I only sweated out a quart before, but now I’m going to pour at least ten quarts!” The result was that, after suffering from his phobia for four years, he was able, after a single session, to free himself permanently of it within one week. The reader will note that this procedure consists of a reversal of the patient’s attitude, inasmuch as his fear is replaced by a paradoxical wish. By this treatment, the wind is taken out of the sails of the anxiety. Such a procedure, however, must make use of the specifically human capacity for self-detachment inherent in a sense of humor. This basic capacity to detach one from oneself is actualized whenever the logotherapeutic technique called paradoxical intention is applied. At the same time, the patient is enabled to put himself at a distance from his own neurosis. A statement consistent with this is found in Gordon W. Allport’s book, The Individual and His Religion: “The neurotic who learns to laugh at himself may be on the way to self-management, perhaps to cure.”12 Paradoxical intention is the empirical validation and clinical application of Allport’s statement.

I called to the Lord from my narrow prison and He answered me in the freedom of space.

I recommend that the Statue of Liberty on the East Coast be supplemented by a Statue of Responsiblity on the West Coast.

Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom.

تحقيق الذات ليس هو الغاية القصوى عند الانسان, ولا حتى مقصده الأول. ذلك أن تحقيق الذات, اذا صار غاية في حد ذاته فإنه يتعارض مع خاصية تجاوز الذات أو التسامي بالذات وهي الخاصية المميزة للوجود الانساني. وبالاضافة الى ذلك, فإن تحقيق الذات ما هو الا نتيجة أو أثر -أي أنه نتيجة أو أثر لتحقيق المعنى, وينبغي أن يظل تحقيق الذات هكذا. ذلك أن الانسان لا يحقق ذاته الا بمقدار تحقيقه لمعنى في هذا العالم. وعلى العكس من ذلك, إذا شرع الفرد في تحقيق ذاته بدلا من أن يحقق معنى من المعاني, فان تحقيق الذات سوف يفقد مبرراته في الحال.

George, you must realize that the world is a joke. There is no justice, everything is random. Only when you realize this will you understand how silly it is to take yourself seriously. There is no grand purpose in the universe. It just is. There’s no particular meaning in what decision you make today about how to act.

We dislike talking about our experiences. No explanations are needed for those who have been inside, and the others will understand neither how we felt then nor how we feel now.

To invoke an analogy, consider a movie: it consists of thousands upon thousands of individual pictures, and each of them makes sense and carries a meaning, yet the meaning of the whole film cannot be seen before its last sequence is shown. However, we cannot understand the whole film without having first understood each of its components, each of the individual pictures. Isn’t it the same with life? Doesn’t the final meaning of life, too, reveal itself, if at all, only at its end, on the verge of death? And doesn’t this final meaning, too, depend on whether or not the potential meaning of each single situation has been actualized to the best of the respective individual’s knowledge and belief?

The truth-that love is the highest goal to which man can aspire.

Having been is also a kind of being, and perhaps the surest kind.

No one has the right to do wrong, even if wrong has been done to them.

We do not ask life what the meaning of life is. Life asks us, what is the meaning of your life. And life demands our answer.