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" "Right from the beginning, Spinoza was a decisive philosopher for Schelling. This may now sound like yet another dusty little truth in the museums and archives of philosophy, but in Schelling's day, to embrace Spinoza was to dance with the devil and pantheism was the witches' brew served at this demonic party. [...] Now as bored college students sleep through class lectures and discussions on Continental Rationalism, it seems hard to imagine why Spinoza feared for his life were he to publish his Ethics, or why people were punished for reading it, or why records were kept of those who had read it in a way not altogether dissimilar to the way the FBI now keeps records on terrorists or even its own citizens.
Benedictus de Spinoza (24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677) was a social and metaphysical philosopher known for the elaborate development of his monist philosophy, which has become known as Spinozism. Controversy regarding his ideas led to his excommunication from the Jewish community of his native Amsterdam. He was named Baruch ("blessed" in Hebrew) Spinoza by his synagogue elders and known as Bento de Spinoza or Bento d'Espiñoza, but afterwards used the name Benedictus ("blessed" in Latin) de Spinoza.
Biography information from Wikiquote
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أما عن حياتهم الطويلة كأُمَّةٍ ضاعت دولتُها، فليس فيها ما يدعو إلى الدهشة؛ إذ إنَّ اليهود قد عاشوا بمعزلٍ عن جميع الأُمَم حتى جلبوا على أنفسهم كراهية الجميع، ولم يكن ذلك عن طريق مُراعاة الطقوس الخارجية التي تُعارِض طقوس الأُمَم الأخرى فحسب، بل أيضًا عن طريق علامة الختان التي ظلُّوا مُتمسِّكين بها دينيًّا. وقد أثبَتَت التجربة أنَّ كراهية الأُمَم عامل قوي إلى أبعدِ حدٍّ في الإبقاء على اليهود، فعندما أجبر أحد ملوك الإسبان اليهود على الإيمان بدين الدولة أو الخروج من إسبانيا اعتنَقَ كثير منهم الدِّيانة الكاثوليكية الرومانية. ولَمَّا كانوا قد شاركوا نتيجةً لذلك في جميع امتيازات الإسبان، وأصبحوا يُعَدُّون جديرين بالتكريم نفسه الذي يناله هؤلاء، فقد اختلطوا بالإسبان إلى حدٍّ لم يبقَ منهم معه بعد وقتٍ قصير شيءٌ حتى الذكرى. وقد حدَثَ عكس ذلك تمامًا مع أولئك الذين أجبَرَهم ملك البرتغال على تغيير دينهم، فقد عاشوا مُنعزِلين بعد استبعادهم من جميع المناصب العُليا. وأنا أعزو إلى طقس الختان بدَوره من القِيمة والأهمية في هذا الصَّدَد ما يجعلني أعتقِد أنه وحدَه يستطيع أن يضمَنَ لهذه الأمة اليهودية وجودًا أزليًّا. فإذا لم تُضعِف مبادئ دينهم ذاتها قلوبهم، فإني أعتقد بلا أدنى تحفُّظ، عالمًا بتقلُّبات الأمور الإنسانية، بأنَّ اليهود سيُعيدون بناء إمبراطوريتهم في وقتٍ ما
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...The proposal to think the determination of the elements of a whole by the structure of the whole posed an absolutely new problem in the most theoretically embarrassing circumstances, for there were no philosophical concepts available for its resolution. The only theoretician who had had the unprecedented daring to pose this problem and outline a first solution to it was Spinoza. But, as we know, history had buried him in impenetrable darkness. Only through Marx, who, however, had little knowledge of him, do we even begin to guess at the features of that trampled face.