American philosopher
Eric Hoffer (25 July 1902 – 21 May 1983) was an American writer on social and political philosophy. His first book, The True Believer: Thoughts On The Nature Of Mass Movements (1951) is widely recognized as a classic on mass-movements and the psychological roots of fanaticism. Despite rising to fame with the success and popularity of his writings, he continued to work as a longshoreman until retiring at age 65.
From: Wikiquote (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Starting out from the fact that the frustrated predominate among the early adherents of all mass movements and that they usually join of their own accord, it is assumed:
1) that frustration of itself, without any proselytizing prompting from the outside, can generate most of the peculiar characteristics of the true believer;
2) that an effective technique of conversion consists basically in the inculcation and fixation of proclivities and responses indigenous to the frustrated mind.
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The attitude of the intellectual community toward America is shaped not by the creative few but by the many who for one reason or another cannot transmute their dissatisfaction into a creative impulse, and cannot acquire a sense of uniqueness and of growth by developing and expressing their capacities and talents. There is nothing in contemporary America that can cure or alleviate their chronic frustration. They want power, lordship, and opportunities for imposing action. Even if we should banish poverty from the land, lift up the Negro to true equality, withdraw from Vietnam, and give half of the national income as foreign aid, they will still see America as an air-conditioned nightmare unfit for them to live in.
ينزع الرجل إلى الاهتمام بشؤونه الخاصة عندما تكون جديرة بالاهتمام. أما عندما لا تكون لديه شؤون خاصة حقيقية, فإنه ينزع إلى نسيان شؤونه التي فقدت معناها والاهتمام بشؤون الآخرين الخاصة. يعبر هذا الاهتمام عن نفسه بالغيبة والتجسس والفضول, كما أنه يتجه إلى اهتمام غير طبيعي بالشؤون المجتمعية والقومية والعرقية. إننا عندما نهرب من أنفسنا نلقي بثقلنا على عاتق جارنا, أو نطبق على عنقه.
The creed whose legitimacy is most easily challenged is likely to develop the strongest proselytizing impulse. It is doubtful whether a movement which does not profess some preposterous and patently irrational dogma can be possessed of that zealous drive which “must either win men or destroy the world.” It is also plausible that those movements with the greatest inner contradiction between profession and practice — that is to say with a strong feeling of guilt — are likely to be the most fervent in imposing their faith on others.
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