German-born British philologist, orientalist and indologist (1823–1900)
Friedrich Max Müller (6 December 1823 – 28 October 1900), more commonly known as Max Müller (or Mueller), was a German philologist and Orientalist, who was a major pioneer of the discipline of comparative religion.
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Native Name:
Max Müller
Alternative Names:
Rt. Hon. Friedrich Max Muller
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F. Max Müller
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Professor Friedrich Max-Muller
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F. M. M.
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Friedrich Maximilian Müller
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Max Muller
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दैनन्दिन पितृयज्ञ पाँच यज्ञों में से एक है, जिसे कभी-कभी महायज्ञ कहा जाता है, जिसे हर विवाहित व्यक्ति को रोज करना चाहिए। इनका उल्लेख गृह्य सूत्र (तीन, 1) में देवयज्ञ देवताओं के लिए, भूतयज्ञ जानवरों आदि के लिए, पितृयज्ञ पितरों के लिए और ब्रह्म यज्ञ ब्राह्मणों के लिए अर्थात वेदों के अध्ययन के लिए और मनुष्य यज्ञ लोगों के लिए अर्थात आतिथ्य के लिए।
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[A]s in his language and in his grammar [the Indian] has preserved something of what seems peculiar to each of the northern [Indo-european] dialects singly, as he agrees with the Greek and the German where the Greek and the German seem to differ from all the rest … no other language has carried off so large a share of the common Aryan heirloom – whether roots, grammar, words, myths or legends.
श्लोकों में वरुण को आदित्य अर्थात् अदिति का पुत्र कहा गया है। ‘अदिति’ शब्द का अर्थ है जो कभी खंडित या नष्ट न हो, तथा जो बन्धनहीन एवं अनन्त हो। स्वयं वेद में भी यदा-कदा अदिति की प्रार्थना परा कहकर की गई है। अर्थात अदिति वस्तुत: पृथ्वी, आकाश तथा सूर्य और उषा आदि सबसे परे है। धार्मिक चिन्तन के उस आदिम युग में एक दिव्य शक्ति की इस रूप में मान्यता वस्तुत: आश्चर्यजनक है। वेदों में हमें अदिति की अपेक्षा भी कहीं अधिक ‘आदित्यों’ का वर्णन मिलता है जिसका शब्दिक अर्थ है अदिति के पुत्र या दृश्य पृथ्वी और अन्तरिक्ष से अप्रकट और एक अर्थ में अनन्त हैं।
Languages seemed to float about like islands on the ocean of human speech; they did not shoot together to form themselves into larger continents . . . and if it had not been for a happy accident, which like an electric spark, caused the floating elements to crystallise into regular forms, it is more doubtful whether the long list of languages and dialects could have sustained the interest of the student of languages. This electric spark was the discovery of Sanskrit.
Whether listening to the shrieks of the Shaman sorcerers of Tatary, or to the odes of Pindar, or to the sacred songs of Paul Gerhard: whether looking at the pagodas of China, or the Parthenon of Athens, or the cathedral of Cologne: whether reading the sacred books of the Buddhists, of the Jews, or of those who worship God in spirit and in truth, we ought to be able to say, like the Emperor Maximilian, 'Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto,' or, translating his words somewhat freely, 'I am a man, nothing pertaining to man I deem foreign to myself.'
History seems to teach that the whole human race required a gradual education before, in the fullness of time, it could be admitted to the truths of Christianity. All the fallacies of human reason had to be exhausted, before the light of a high truth could meet with ready acceptance. The ancient religions of the world were but the milk of nature, which was in due time to be succeeded by the bread of life.... The religion of Buddha has spread far beyond the limits of the Aryan world, and to our limited vision, it may seem to have retarded the advent of Christianity among a large portion of the human race. But in the sight of Him with whom a thousand years are but as one day, that religion, like the ancient religions of the world, may have but served to prepare the way of Christ, by helping through its very errors to strengthen and to deepen the ineradicable yearning of the human heart after the truth of God.
But, for all that, there is a Beyond, and he who has once caught a glance of it, is like a man who has gazed at the sun — wherever he looks, everywhere he sees the image of the sun. Speak to him of finite things, and he will tell you that the Finite is impossible and meaningless without the Infinite. Speak to him of death, and he will call it birth ; speak to him of time, and he will call it the mere shadow of eternity. To us the senses seem to be the organs, the tools, the most powerful engines of knowledge ; to him they are, if not actually deceivers, at all events heavy fetters, checking the flight of the spirit. To us this earth, this life, all that we see, and hear, and touch is certain. Here, we feel, is our home, here lie our duties, here our pleasures. To him this earth is a thing that once was not, and that again will cease to be ; this life is a short dream from which we shall soon awake. Of nothing he professes greater ignorance than of what to others seems to be most certain, namely what we see, and hear, and touch ; and as to our home, wherever that may be, he knows that certainly it is not here.