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" "[13] But it sometimes comes about that, when we have properly granted certain premisses, certain conclusions are derived from them that, though false, nonetheless follow from them. [14] What am I to do, then? Accept the false conclusion? [15] And how is that possible? Then should I say that I was wrong to accept the premisses? No, this isn’t permissible either. Or say: That doesn’t follow from the premisses? But that again isn’t permissible. [16] So what is one to do in such circumstances? Isn’t it the same as with debts? Just as having borrowed on some occasion isn’t enough to make somebody a debtor, but it is necessary in addition that he continues to owe the money and hasn’t paid off the loan; likewise, our having accepted the premisses isn’t enough to make it necessary for us to accept the inference, but we have to continue to accept the premisses.
Epictetus (c. 55 – c. 135 AD), born a slave, was a Greek Stoic philosopher. His words were recorded by his student Arrian in the Discourses and Enchiridion written in the early 2nd-century.
Biography information from Wikiquote
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صفةُ الجاهل وأمارته أنه لا يرتقبُ النفع ولا الضرر من نفسه، بل من الأشياء الخارجية. صِفةُ الفيلسوف وأمارته أنه يرتقب كلَّ النفع والضرر من نفسه. أمارات المتقدِّم على درب الحكمة هي أنه لا يذمُّ أحدًا ولا يُطري أحدًا ولا يلوم أحدًا ولا يتهم أحدًا، ولا يتحدث عن نفسه كما لو كان شيئًا ما أو كما لو كان لديه علمٌ ما. وإذا أُعيق أو تعثَّر يتهم نفسه. وإذا مُدِحَ يسخرُ في نفسه من المادح، وإذا انتُقدَ لا يَرُد. بل يمضي حذِرًا كأنَّه النَّاقِهُ يخشى أن يُتعتِع أيَّ عضوٍ فيه لم يلتئم بَعْدُ. إنَّه ينفي عنه كلَّ رغبة. أمَّا نفوره فيحصره فيما هو في قدرته ومضادٌّ للطبيعة، إنَّ نزوعه معتدلٌ تجاه كلِّ شيء. إذا بدا غبيًّا أو جاهلًا لا يُبالي. وباختصار، يراقِبُ نفسَه كما لو كان عدوًّا مترصِّدًا لها في مَكْمَن.