Don’t you want to be free of all that? [33] ‘But how can I do it?’ You’ve often heard how – you need to suspend desire completely, and train aversion only on things within your power. You should dissociate yourself from everything outside yourself – the body, possessions, reputation, books, applause, as well as office or lack of office. Because a preference for any of them immediately makes you a slave, a subordinate, and prone to disappointment.
Greek Stoic philosopher (c. 50–c. 138)
Epictetus (c. 55 – c. 135 AD), born a slave, was a Greek Stoic philosopher. His words were recorded by his student Arrian in the Discourses and Enchiridion written in the early 2nd-century.
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Native Name:
ΕΠΙΚΤΗΤΟΣ
Alternative Names:
Epictetus of Hierapolis
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Epiktetos
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Small-minded people habitually reproach others for their own misfortunes. Average people reproach themselves. Those who are dedicated to a life of wisdom understand that the impulse to blame something or someone is foolishness, that there is nothing to be gained in blaming, whether it be others or oneself.
And, if anyone tells you that you know nothing, and you are not nettled at it, then you be sure that you have begun your business. For sheep don't throw up the grass to show the shepherds how much they have eaten; but, inwardly digesting their food, they outwardly produce wool and milk. Thus, therefore, do you likewise not show theorems to the unlearned, but the actions produced by them after they have been digested.
Do not decorate the walls of your house with the valuable stones from Eubœa and Sparta; but adorn the minds (breasts) of the citizens and of those who administer the state with the instruction which comes from Hellas (Greece). For states are well governed by the wisdom (judgment) of men, but not by stone and wood.
Seeing that our birth involves the blending of these two things — the body, on the one hand, that we share with animals, and, on the other hand, rationality and intelligence, that we share with the gods — most of us incline to this former relationship, wretched and dead though it is, while only a few to the one that is divine and blessed.
صفةُ الجاهل وأمارته أنه لا يرتقبُ النفع ولا الضرر من نفسه، بل من الأشياء الخارجية. صِفةُ الفيلسوف وأمارته أنه يرتقب كلَّ النفع والضرر من نفسه. أمارات المتقدِّم على درب الحكمة هي أنه لا يذمُّ أحدًا ولا يُطري أحدًا ولا يلوم أحدًا ولا يتهم أحدًا، ولا يتحدث عن نفسه كما لو كان شيئًا ما أو كما لو كان لديه علمٌ ما. وإذا أُعيق أو تعثَّر يتهم نفسه. وإذا مُدِحَ يسخرُ في نفسه من المادح، وإذا انتُقدَ لا يَرُد. بل يمضي حذِرًا كأنَّه النَّاقِهُ يخشى أن يُتعتِع أيَّ عضوٍ فيه لم يلتئم بَعْدُ. إنَّه ينفي عنه كلَّ رغبة. أمَّا نفوره فيحصره فيما هو في قدرته ومضادٌّ للطبيعة، إنَّ نزوعه معتدلٌ تجاه كلِّ شيء. إذا بدا غبيًّا أو جاهلًا لا يُبالي. وباختصار، يراقِبُ نفسَه كما لو كان عدوًّا مترصِّدًا لها في مَكْمَن.