Polish-German Marxist revolutionary (1871–1919)
Rosa Luxemburg (also Rozalia Luxenburg; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist and revolutionary socialist of Polish-Jewish descent who became a naturalized German citizen. She was, successively, a member of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD), and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
From: Wikiquote (CC BY-SA 4.0)
From Wikidata (CC0)
Again, everyone knows how the priests themselves make profit from the worker, extract money out of him on the occasion of marriage, baptism or burial. How often has it happened that the priest, called to the bedside of a sick man to administer the last sacraments, refused to go there before he had been paid his “fee”? The worker goes away in despair, to sell or pawn his last possession, so as to be able to give religious consolation to his kindred.
[...] La lotta per il socialismo può essere combattuta soltanto dalle masse, immediatamente petto contro petto con il capitalismo, in ogni impresa, da ogni proletario contro il suo imprenditore. Solo allora sarà una rivoluzione socialista. Certo coloro che non pensano si rappresentavano diversamente il corso delle cose: si credeva che sarebbe stato necessario soltanto rovesciare il governo e porre in sua vece un governo socialista, poi si sarebbero emanati i decreti che instauravano il socialismo. Anche questa non era che un'illusione. Il socialismo non si fa e non può esser fatto mediante decreti, neppure da un governo socialista caratterizzato. Il socialismo dev'esser fatto dalle masse, da ciascun proletario. Là dove essi sono legati alla catena del capitale, la deve essere spezzata la catena. Solo questo è il socialismo, solo così il socialismo può essere attuato.
The Bolsheviks themselves will not want, with hand on heart, to deny that, step by step, they have to feel out the ground, try out, experiment, test now one way now another, and that a good many of their measures do not represent priceless pearls of wisdom. Thus it must and will be with all of us when we get to the same point–even if the same difficult circumstances may not prevail everywhere.
Fourier's scheme of changing, by means of phalansteries, the water of all the seas into tasty lemonade was surely a phantastic idea. But Bernstein, proposing to change the sea of capitalist bitterness into a sea of socialist sweetness, by progressively pouring into it bottles of social reformist lemonade, presents an idea that is merely more insipid but no less phantastic.
The modern proletarian class doesn't carry out its struggle according to a plan set out in some book or theory; the modern workers' struggle is a part of history, a part of social progress, and in the middle of history, in the middle of progress, in the middle of the fight, we learn how we must fight... That's exactly what is laudable about it, that's exactly why this colossal piece of culture, within the modern workers' movement, is epoch-defining: that the great masses of the working people first forge from their own consciousness, from their own belief, and even from their own understanding the weapons of their own liberation.