The optimists and the pessimists: I have been studying them for the past twenty-five years. The defining characteristic of pessimists is that they te… - Martin E P Seligman

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The optimists and the pessimists: I have been studying them for the past twenty-five years. The defining characteristic of pessimists is that they tend to believe bad events will last a long time, will undermine everything they do, and are their own fault. The optimists, who are confronted with the same hard knocks of this world, think about misfortune in the opposite way. They tend to believe defeat is just a temporary setback, that its causes are confined to this one case. The optimists believe defeat is not their fault: Circumstances, bad luck, or other people brought it about. Such people are unfazed by defeat. Confronted by a bad situation, they perceive it as a challenge and try harder.

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Additional quotes by Martin E P Seligman

the paradigm human experiment, carried out by Donald Hiroto and replicated many times since, subjects are randomly divided into three groups. This is called the “triadic design.” One group (escapable) is exposed to a noxious but nondamaging event, such as loud noise. When they push a button in front of them, the noise stops, so that their own action escapes the noise. A second group (inescapable) is yoked to the first group. The subjects receive exactly the same noise, but it goes off and on regardless of what they do. The second group is helpless by definition, since the probability of the noise going off given that they make any response is identical to the probability of the noise going off given that they do not make that response. Operationally, learned helplessness is defined by the fact that nothing you do alters the event. Importantly the escapable and inescapable groups have exactly the same objective stressor. A third group (control) receives nothing at all. That is part one of the triadic experiment.

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historia. El aspecto privado también necesita mostrarse. La psicología positiva hace a la gente más feliz. Enseñar la psicología positiva, investigar la psicología positiva, usar la psicología positiva en la práctica como orientador o terapeuta, poner ejercicios de psicología positiva a niños de secundaria en un aula, educar a niños pequeños con base en la psicología positiva, enseñar a sargentos de adiestramiento a fomentar el crecimiento postraumático, reunirse con otros psicólogos positivos o simplemente leer sobre la psicología positiva hace a la gente más feliz. Quienes trabajan en el campo de la psicología positiva son las personas con mayor bienestar que he conocido en mi vida.

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