It’s in the nature of a good despot to say anything that will convince someone to do as he wishes. Only when he does not need them does he really say what he thinks. And by that time, of course, because he has no need of them, they are usually as good as dead. The secret of becoming a successful tyrant lies in an early ability to be all things to all people.
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When, in a nation, a despotic ruler grows powerful and the pillars of oppression are erected, it is necessary to effect changes. Whenever possible, they should employ good counsel and perfect advice to repel oppression. If they can, they should change the pillars of tyranny and install reformers in the place of the corrupt. If the despotic king declines to halt the oppression and to change his ministers, then naturally those who are able have the obligation to stop the oppression themselves. They should not, however, senselessly shed blood or slaughter individuals. Rather, they should employ advice and divine counsel to defeat those criminals and to change conditions. For, the power of those tyrants derives from the mob. Whenever these throngs are scattered, the despot’s power is weakened. Naturally, in this situation this course of action is more insightful and more prudent.
Mais les tyrans potentiels… ceux qui disposent d’une panoplie de méthodes éprouvées depuis des siècles pour manipuler l’homme du commun, pour lui mentir, pour lui ôter toute confiance en soi. On dit que « tout pouvoir corrompt », mais il serait plus proche de la vérité de dire que le pouvoir attire ceux qui sont susceptibles d’être corrompus. Les gens sains d’esprit sont, d’ordinaire, attirés par autre chose que par le pouvoir. Lorsqu’il leur faut agir, ils conçoivent leur action comme un service rendu, ce qui impose des limites à leur entreprise même. Le tyran, lui, veut dominer par tous les moyens ; il est insatiable dans la poursuite de son but.
The welfare of the people in particular has always been the alibi of tyrants, and it provides the further advantage of giving the servants of tyranny a good conscience. It would be easy, however, to destroy that good conscience by shouting to them: if you want the happiness of the people, let them speak out and tell what kind of happiness they want and what kind they don't want! But, in truth, the very ones who make use of such alibis know they are lies; they leave to their intellectuals on duty the chore of believing in them and of proving that religion, patriotism, and justice need for their survival the sacrifice of freedom.
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