Karl Jaspers Quotes

Hitlerovo jednání bylo od počátku zaměřeno proti jakékoli možnosti smíření. Existovalo jen vítězství, nebo zkáza.

Confucius and Lao-Tse were living in China, all the schools of Chinese philosophy came into being, including those of Mo Ti, Chuang Tse, Lieh Tzu and a host of others; India produced the Upanishads and Buddha and, like China, ran the whole gamut of philosophical possibilities down to materialism, scepticism and nihilism; in Iran, Zarathustra taught a challenging view of the world as a struggle between good and evil; in Palestine the prophets made their appearance from Elijah by way of Isaiah and Jeremiah to Deutero-Isaiah; Greece witnessed the appearance of Homer, of the philosophers — Parmenides, Heraclitus and Plato, — of the tragedians, of Thucydides and Archimedes. Everything implied by these names developed during these few centuries almost simultaneously in China, India and the West.

Dieser Philosoph ist unabhängig: erstens, weil er bedürfnislos ist, frei von der Welt der Güter und von der Herrschaft der Triebe, er lebt asketisch; zweitens, weil er ohne Angst ist, denn er hat die Schreckbilder der Religionen in ihrer Unwahrheit durchschaut; drittens, weil er unbeteiligt an Staat und Politik ist, in der Verborgenheit in Ruhe lebt, ohne Bindungen, als Weltbürger. — -
This philosopher is independent, first because he is without needs, free from the world of possessions and the rule of passions, he is an ascetic; second, because he is without fear, for he has seen through the illusory terrors of the religions; third, because he takes no part in government and politics and lives without ties, in peaceful retirement, a citizen of the world. — -
Triết gia độc lập: thứ nhất vì họ không có nhu cầu, vì họ đã thoát ly được những của cải vật chất, và áp lực của thú năng, họ sống một đời khổ hạnh. Thứ hai, họ gan dạ anh hùng vì họ đã lột mặt nạ những kẻ giả mạo của thần thoại, mà các tôn giáo đã dựa vào để gieo rắc sự sợ sệt vào lòng người. Thứ ba, họ sống an nhàn ở một nơi riêng biệt không dính dáng tới một sự vật nào cả và chỉ sống như một công dân của thế giới.

The battle is a collision of power, of gods themselves: man is only a pawn in these terrible games, or their scene, or their medium; but man's greatness consists precisely in his act of becoming such medium. By this act he becomes imbued with a soul and identical with the powers.

In his finitude each individual begins anew. For his maturing he depends upon authority in order to appropriate the content that can be handed on by tradition. As he grows up within authority, the arena in which he everywhere encounters being opens up to him. If he grows up without authority, he will indeed come to possess knowledge, he will master speaking and thinking, but he will remain at the mercy of the empty possibilities of the realm where Nothingness stares him in the face.

For one wishing to philosophize, it is of particular, indeed of crucial importance to ascertain the difference between the object cognition that is achieved in the sciences and the transcending thought that characterizes philosophy......which transcend[s] the limits of the knowable and of the world as a whole, so that through these limits we become aware of the phenomenality of empirical existence and hence of the Comprehensive nature of being, thus entering into the area of faith.

The vicious circle of dread of war which leads the nations to arm themselves for self-protection, with the result that bloated armaments ultimately lead to the war which they were intended to avert, can be broken in either of two conceivable ways. There might arise a unique world power, brought into being by the unification of all those now in possession of weapons, and equipped with the capacity to forbid the lesser and unarmed nations to make war. On the other hand, it may arise by the working of a fate to us still inscrutable which, out of ruin, will disclose a way towards the development of a new human being. To will the discovery of this way would be blind impotence, but those who do not wish to deceive themselves will be prepared for the possibility.

In time, this consciousness of risk remains the condition for increasing freedom. It excludes complete reliance on subjective certainty, forbids the generalization of the subjective commandment into a universal law, and bars fanaticism. Even in the certainty of the resolve, there must, in so far as it is translated into practical action, remain a certain margin of indetermination. There can be no subjective security. The pride of the absolute truth destroys in truththe world.

We must all continuously recapture ourselves from indecision.

Reason is like an open secret that can become known to anyone at any time; it is the quiet space into which everyone can enter through his own thought.

Je v našem lidském založení – aspoň u nás v Evropě je tomu tak -, že jsme na jedné straně citliví k výčitkám, ale na druhé straně velmi lehce vyčítáme druhým. Nechceme si dát příliš ubližovat, ale rozhorlujeme se snadno, když morálně posuzujeme druhé. To je následek otravy moralismem. Nic nás obyčejně tak nepopuzuje jako jakýkoli náznak, že se nám dává vina. I ten, kdo je vinen, si to nechce dát říci. A dá-li si říci, nechce si to dát říci od každého. Čím větší je citlivost k výčitkám, tím větší bývá bezohlednost, s níž je člověk s to vyčítat druhým. Svět je až do malých všedních okolností plný obvinění – obvinění druhých, že způsobili nějaké neštěstí -, a tedy plný obětních beránků, kterých je všude našim zlým obviňovacím instinktům zapotřebí.

Ale u toho, kdo je vůči výčitkám popudlivý, může pozoruhodně snadno dojít k náhlému puzení vyznat se ze své viny. Taková vyznání viny - falešná, neboť sama ještě pudová a plná chtivosti – mají tento zjevný rys: protože jsou u téhož člověka živena stejnou vůlí po moci jako jejich opak, pozorujeme, jak si chce ten, kdo se vyznává, dodat hodnoty, jak se chce před druhými vyznamenat. Jeho vyznání viny má donutit i druhé k vyznání. V takovém vyznání je rys agresivity. Moralismus jako projev vůle po moci živí jak popudlivost vůči výčitkám, tak i vyznání vin, živí výčitky druhým i výčitky sobě a způsobuje, že jedno
psychologicky přechází do druhého.

Zabýváme-li se tedy filozoficky otázkami viny, je vždycky prvním požadavkem vnitřně se zabývat sebou samým.

To the intellect all else, in comparison with what is correct, counts only as feeling, subjectivity, instinct. In this division, apart from the bright world of the intellect, there is only the irrational, in which is lumped together, according to the point of view, what is despised or desired. The impulse which pursues real truth by thought springs from the dissatisfaction with what is merely correct. The division, spoken of previously, paralyses this impulse; it causes man to oscillate between the dogmatism of the intellect that transcends its limits and, as it were, the rapture of the vital, the chance of the moment, life. The soul becomes impoverished in all the multiplicity of disparate experience. Then truth disappears from the field of vision and is replaced by a variety of opinions which are hung on the skeleton of a supposedly rational pattern. Truth is infinitely more than scientific correctness.

Existenz only becomes clear through reason; reason only has content through Existenz.

Existuje solidarita mezi lidmi jako lidmi, v jejímž důsledku je každý spoluzodpovědný za všechno bezpráví a všechnu nespravedlnost na světě, zvláště za zločiny, k nimž dochází v jeho přítomnosti nebo s jeho vědomím. Jestliže jsem neučinil všechno, co jsem mohl, abych jim zabránil, jsem spoluvinen. Jestliže jsem nenasadil svůj život, abych zabránil zavraždění druhých, ale jen jsem přihlížel, cítím se vinen způsobem, který nelze právně, politicky a morálně přiměřeně postihnout. To, že ještě žiji, když se stalo něco takového, spočívá na mně jako nesmazatelná vina. Nejsme-li díky nějaké šťastné okolnosti ušetřeni této situace, dospíváme jako lidé na hranici, kde musíme volit: buď bezpodmínečně – bez vyhlídky na úspěch, bezúčelně – nasadit život, nebo raději zůstat naživu, protože úspěch je nemožný.

Der Lehrer der Liebe lehrt den Kampf, der Lehrer der lieblosen Isolierung von aller Welt aber die Ruhe.