1st chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and founder of the People's Republic of China (1893–1976)
Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung in Wade-Giles; Simplified Chinese: 毛泽东; Traditional Chinese: 毛澤東; December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976) was the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1943 until his death. He was also a founder of the People's Republic of China.
From: Wikiquote (CC BY-SA 4.0)
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Why must there be a revolutionary party? There must be a revolutionary party because the world contains enemies who oppress the people and the people want to throw off enemy oppression. In the era of capitalism and imperialism, just such a revolutionary party as the Communist Party is needed. Without such a party it is simply impossible for the people to throw off enemy oppression. We are Communists, we want to lead the people in overthrowing the enemy, and so we must keep our ranks in good order, we must march in step, our troops must be picked troops and our weapons good weapons. Without these conditions the enemy cannot be overthrown.
百花齐放,百家争鸣,长期共存,互相监督,这几个口号是怎样提出来的呢?它是根据中国的具体情况提出来的,是在承认社会主义社会仍然存在着各种矛盾的基础上提出来的,是在国家需要迅速发展经济和文化的迫切要求上提出来的。百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针,是促进艺术发展和科学进步的方针,是促进我国的社会主义文化繁荣的方针。艺术上不同的形式和风格可以自由发展,科学上不同的学派可以自由争论。利用行政力量,强制推行一种风格,一种学派,禁止另一种风格,另一种学派,我们认为会有害于艺术和科学的发展。艺术和科学中的是非问题,应当通过艺术界科学界的自由讨论去解决,通过艺术和科学的实践去解决,而不应当采取简单的方法去解决。为了判断正确的东西和错误的东西,常常需要有考验的时间。历史上新的正确的东西,在开始的时候常常得不到多数人承认,只能在斗争中曲折地发展。正确的东西,好的东西,人们一开始常常不承认它们是香花,反而把它们看作毒草。
However, we must make a concrete study of the circumstances of each specific struggle of opposites and should not arbitrarily apply the formula discussed above to everything. Contradiction and struggle are universal and absolute, but the methods of resolving contradictions, that is, the forms of struggle, differ according to the differences in the nature of the contradictions. Some contradictions are characterized by open antagonism, others are not. In accordance with the concrete development of things, some contradictions which were originally non-antagonistic develop into antagonistic ones, while others which were originally antagonistic develop into non-antagonistic ones.
新民主主义的文化,同样应该是“为一般平民所共有”的,即是说,民族的、科学的、大众的文化,决不应该是“少数人所得而私”的文化。
上述一切,就是我们共产党人在现阶段上,在整个资产阶级民主革命的阶段上所主张的一般纲领,或基本纲领。对于我们的社会主义和共产主义制度的将来纲领或最高纲领说来,这是我们的最低纲领。实行这个纲领,可以把中国从现在的国家状况和社会状况向前推进一步,即是说,从殖民地、半殖民地和半封建的国家和社会状况,推进到新民主主义的国家和社会。
这个纲领所规定的无产阶级在政治上的领导权,无产阶级领导下的国营经济和合作社经济,是社会主义的因素。但是这个纲领的实行,还没有使中国成为社会主义社会。
我们共产党人从来不隐瞒自己的政治主张。我们的将来纲领或最高纲领,是要将中国推进到社会主义社会和共产主义社会去的,这是确定的和毫无疑义的。我们的党的名称和我们的马克思主义的宇宙观,明确地指明了这个将来的、无限光明的、无限美妙的最高理想。每个共产党员入党的时候,心目中就悬着为现在的新民主主义革命而奋斗和为将来的社会主义和共产主义而奋斗这样两个明确的目标,而不顾那些共产主义敌人的无知的和卑劣的敌视、污蔑、谩骂或讥笑;对于这些,我们必须给以坚决的排击。对于那些善意的怀疑者,则不是给以排击而是给以善意的和耐心的解释。所有这些,都是异常清楚、异常确定和毫不含糊的。
The unification of our country, the unity of our people and the unity of our various nationalities — these are the basic guarantees for the sure triumph of our cause. However, this does not mean that contradictions no longer exist in our society. To imagine that none exist is a naive idea which is at variance with objective reality. We are confronted with two types of social contradictions — those between ourselves and the enemy and those among the people. The two are totally different in nature.
All contradictory things are interconnected; not only do they coexist in a single entity in given conditions, but in other given conditions, they also transform themselves into each other. This is the full meaning of the identity of opposites. This is what Lenin meant when he discussed "how they happen to be (how they become) identical--under what conditions they are identical, transforming themselves into one another".
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