Mikhail Bakunin Quotes

What predominates in Italy is that destitute proletariat to which Marx and Engels, and, following them, the whole school of German social democrats, refer with the utmost contempt. They do so completely in vain, because here, and here alone, not in the bourgeois stratum of workers, is to be found the mind as well as the might of the future social revolution.

The only difference between revolutionary dictatorship and the state is in external appearances. Essentially, they both represent the same government of the majority by a minority in the name of the presumed stupidity of the one and the presumed intelligence of the other.

My personal freedom, confirmed by the liberty of all, extends to infinity.

If there is a state, then necessarily there is domination and consequently slavery. A state without slavery, open or camouflaged, is inconceivable — that is why we are enemies of the state.

Tres elementos o, si queréis, tres principios fundamentales, constituyen las condiciones esenciales de todo desenvolvimiento humano, tanto colectivo como individual, en la historia: 1º la animalidad humana; 2º el pensamiento, y 3º la rebeldía.

Human labor, in general, is still divided into two exclusive categories: the first — solely intellectual and managerial — includes the scientists, artists, engineers, inventors, accountants, educators, governmental officials, and their subordinate elites who enforce labor discipline The second group consists of the great mass of workers, people prevented from applying creative ideas or intelligence, who blindly and mechanically carry out the orders of the intellectual-managerial elite This economic and social division of labor has disastrous consequences for members of the privileged classes, the masses of the people, and for the prosperity, as well as the moral and intellectual development, of society as a whole.

Slavery may change its form or its name — its essence remains the same. Its essence may be expressed in these words: to be a slave is to he forced to work for someone else, just as to he a master is to live on someone else's work In antiquity, just as in Asia and in Africa today, as well as even in a part of America, slaves were, in all honesty, called slaves. In the Middle Ages, they took the name of serfs: nowadays they are called wage earners. The position of tins latter group has a great deal more dignity attached to it, and it is less hard than that of slaves, but they are nonetheless forced, by hunger as well as by political and social institutions, to maintain other people in complete or relative idleness, through their own exceedingly hard labor. Consequently they arc slaves. And in general, no state, ancient or modern, has ever managed or will ever manage to get along without the forced labor of the masses, either wage earners or slaves, as a principal and absolutely necessary foundation for the leisure, the liberty, and the civilization of the political class — the citizens.

The people are committed to ruinous policies, all without noticing. They have neither the experience nor the time to study all these laws and so they leave everything to their elected representatives. These naturally promote the interests of their class rather than the prosperity of the people, and their greatest talent is to sugarcoat their bitter measures, to render them more palatable to the populace. Representative government is a system of hypocrisy and perpetual falsehood. Its success rests on the stupidity of the people and the corruption of the public mind.

The idea of humanity becomes more and more of a power in the civilized world, and, owing to the expansion and increasing speed of means of communication, and also owing to the influence, still more material than moral, of civilization upon barbarous peoples, this idea of humanity begins to take hold even of the minds of uncivilized nations. This idea is the invisible power of our century, with which the present powers — the States — must reckon. They cannot submit to it of their own free will because such submission on their part would be equivalent to suicide, since the triumph of humanity can be realized only through the destruction of the States. But the States can no longer deny this idea nor openly rebel against it, for having now grown too strong, it may finally destroy them.

In the face of this fainful alternative there remains only one way out: and that is hypocrisy. The States pay their outward respects to this idea of humanity; they speak and apparently act only in the name of it, but they violate it every day. This, however, should not be held against the States. They cannot act otherwise, their position having become such that they can hold their own only by lying. Diplomacy has no other mission.

Therefore what do we see? Every time a State wants to declare war upon another State, it starts off by launching a manifesto addressed not only to its own subjects but to the whole world. In this manifesto it declares that right and justice are on its side, and it endeavors to prove that it is actuated only by love of peace and humanity and that, imbued with generous and peaceful sentiments, it suffered for a long time in silence until the mounting iniquity of its enemy forced it to bare its sword. At the same time it vows that, disdainful of all material conquest and not seeking any increase in territory, it will put and end to this war as soon as justice is reestablished. And its antagonist answers with a similar manifesto, in which naturally right, justice,

A country bent on conquest is necessarily a country internally enslaved.

Si Dieu est, l'homme est esclave ; or l'homme peut, doit être libre, donc Dieu n'existe pas. Je défie qui que ce soit de sortir de ce cercle; et maintenant, qu'on choisisse.

When the people are being beaten with a stick, they are not much happier if it is called the People's Stick.

The freedom of each is therefore realizable only in the
equality of all. The realization of freedom through equality, in principle and in fact, is justice.

Deus sendo tudo, o mundo real e o homem não são nada. Deus sendo a verdade, a justiça, o bem, o belo, a força e a vida, o homem é a mentira, a iniquidade, o mal, a feiura, a impotência e a morte. Deus sendo o senhor, o homem é o escravo. Incapaz de encontrar por si próprio a justiça, a verdade e a vida eterna, ele só pode alcançar isso por meio de uma revelação divina. Mas quem diz revelação diz reveladores, messias, profetas, padres e legisladores inspirados pelo próprio Deus; e estes, uma vez reconhecidos como os representantes da divindade sobre a terra, como os santos instituidores da humanidade, eleitos pelo próprio Deus para dirigi-la em direção à via da salvação, exercem necessariamente um poder absoluto.

Henos aquí de nuevo en la iglesia y en el Estado. Es verdad que en esa organización nueva, establecida, como todas las organizaciones políticas antiguas, por la gracia de Dios, pero apoyada esta vez, al menos en la forma, a guisa de concesión necesaria al espíritu moderno, y como en los preámbulos de los decretos imperiales de Napoleón III, sobre la voluntad (ficticia) del pueblo; la iglesia no se llamará ya iglesia, se llamará escuela. Pero sobre los bancos de esa escuela no se sentarán solamente los niños: estará el menor eterno, el escolar reconocido incapaz para siempre de sufrir sus exámenes, de elevarse a la ciencia de sus maestros y de pasarse sin su disciplina: el pueblo. El Estado no se llamará ya monarquía, se llamará república, pero no dejará de ser Estado, es decir, una tutela oficial y relarmente establecida por una minoría de hombres competentes, de hombres de genio o de talento, virtuosos, para vigilar y para dirigir la conducta de ese gran incorregible y niño terrible: el Pueblo. Los profesores de la escuela y los funcionarios del Estado se harán republicanos; pero no serán por eso menos tutores, pastores, y el pueblo permanecerá siendo lo que ha sido eternamente hasta aquí: un rebaño. Cuidado entonces con los esquiladores; porque allí donde hay un rebaño, habrá necesariamente también esquiladores y aprovechadores del rebaño.

El pueblo, en ese sistema, será el escolar y el pupilo eterno. A pesar de su soberanía completamente ficticia, continuará sirviendo de instrumento a pensamientos, a voluntades y por consiguiente también a intereses que no serán los suyos. Entre esta situación y la que llamamos de libertad, de verdadera libertad, hay un abismo. Habrá, bajo formas nuevas, la antigua opresión y la antigua esclavitud, y allí donde existe la esclavitud, están la miseria, el embrutecimiento, la verdadera materialización de la sociedad, tanto de las clases privilegiadas, como de las masas.